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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 10-19.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00052

• • 上一篇    

沙面温度对风蚀动力过程的影响

王彬1,2,5(), 韩庆杰1,2, 刘冰3,4, 特列吾汗·巴合提6, 萨根古丽6   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    5.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    6.新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区管理局,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-13 修回日期:2023-04-21 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 作者简介:王彬(1994—),男,甘肃兰州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为风沙物理。E-mail: wangbin202@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41771010);兰州铁道设计院有限公司技术开发项目(兰院科13-04-01);宁夏沙坡头规模化防沙治沙试点项目生态监测工程(宁沙管合字〔2021〕08号)

The influence of sand surface temperature on wind erosion dynamic process

Bin Wang1,2,5(), Qingjie Han1,2, Bing Liu3,4, Baheti Teliewuhan6, Guli Sagen6   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Linze Inland River Basin Research Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    5.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    6.Xinjiang Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve Administration,Urumqi 830000,China
  • Received:2023-03-13 Revised:2023-04-21 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-30

摘要:

大量关于土壤可蚀性的研究证明,低温的沙面更易被风蚀。但大多研究以中低纬度低海拔地区为背景,建立的模型并不能完全适用于高海拔寒冷地区。我们使用青藏高原错那湖湖岸的地表沙,利用高低温实验箱调节沙面温度,开展了风洞模拟实验,量化了不同粒径、风速条件下风蚀率随沙面温度的变化关系,旨在分析地表温度对风蚀动力过程的影响及作用机制。结果表明:(1)沙面温度与风蚀率之间呈负线性相关,低温沙面更易被风蚀。这与空气温度影响风蚀过程的作用机理类似,即低温沙面可以增加近地表空气密度和气流拖曳力,使沙粒更容易起动,风蚀量也随之增大;另外,沙面与空气间的温差,会破坏大气稳定度,影响湍流强度,进而影响风蚀强度,这可能也是沙面温度影响风蚀过程的一种主要机制。(2)在自然情况下,寒冷沙面对水汽具有一定的冷凝效应,从而对沙粒的起动与风蚀过程起到抑制作用,而且这种冷凝效应,在低风速、粗颗粒沙面上表现得更为明显。(3)高温沙面可以在一定程度上抑制风蚀。作为影响高寒地区风力侵蚀过程的重要自然因素,沙面温度对青藏高原典型风沙区的风蚀过程起到了重要的控制作用。

关键词: 沙面温度, 风蚀过程, 风蚀率, 高寒区

Abstract:

Numerous studies on soil erodibility have demonstrated that sand surfaces at low temperatures are more susceptible to wind erosion. However, these studies have mostly been conducted in low altitude regions at middle and low latitudes, and the models derived from them may not be entirely applicable to cold regions at higher altitudes. In this study, we conducted wind tunnel simulation experiments using surface sand from Cuonahu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We utilized high and low temperature experimental chambers to adjust the sand surface temperature and quantified the relationship between wind erosion rate and sand surface temperature under different grain size and wind speed conditions. Our goal was to analyze the influence of surface temperature on the dynamic process of wind erosion and the underlying mechanism driving it. The result shows that: (1) There is a negative linear correlation between sand surface temperature and wind erosion rate, and the low temperature sand surface is more prone to wind erosion. This is similar to the mechanism by which air temperature affects the wind erosion process, the low temperature sand surface can increase the near-surface air density and airflow drag force, which makes the sand particles easier to start and the wind erosion rate increases; In addition, the temperature difference between the sand surface and the air, which destabilizes the atmosphere and affects the intensity of turbulence and the intensity of wind erosion, may also be a major mechanism by which the temperature of the sand surface affects the wind erosion process. (2) Under natural conditions, the cold sand surface can cause water in gas to condense, which inhibits the process of sand initiation and wind erosion. This effect is more pronounced on surfaces with low wind speeds and coarse-grained sand. (3) Additionally, high temperature sand surfaces can also partially inhibit wind erosion. These experimental results suggest a new direction for future wind and sand protection in alpine areas. Therefore, as one of the crucial natural factors influencing wind erosion in alpine regions, the temperature of the sand surface plays a vital role in regulating the wind erosion process in typical wind-sand areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study enhances our comprehension of the impact of surface temperature on wind erosion and offers theoretical backing for the development of sand control projects in alpine regions.

Key words: sand surface temperature, wind erosion process, wind erosion rate, alpine region

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